July 10, 2008
In this issue
§ Insect update
§ Preparing to store wheat
§ Tips to avoid weed control antagonism when applying manganese fertilizer with glyphosate
§ Applying foliar fungicides to hail damaged corn, revisited
§ Preharvest wheat disease update
§ Cercospora leaf spot has arrived early in sugar beets
§ Glyphosate injury on tomato
§
Hail damages central
§
There is still time to register for the 2008
§ Regional reports
§ Weather
Next issue July 24
Christina DiFonzo
Entomology
Soybean aphids are present, but in low numbers. Last week’s
big rain and hail event that hit central and southern
Potato leafhopper numbers are cranking up, described in some places as bucket-fulls. A reminder; the potato leafhopper is a sucking pest that not only removes water and nutrients, but also injects a salivary toxin that causes hopperburn. Scouting and timely application of insecticide is critical to avoiding burn and protecting yield. Thresholds for alfalfa are based on crop height and require using a sweep net: new growth = 20 potato leafhoppers per 100 sweeps; three to eight inch growth = 50 potato leafhoppers per 100 sweeps; eight to 12 inch growth = one potato leafhopper per sweep; over 12 inch growth = two per sweep. Thresholds for dry bean are based on sampling trifoliate leaves; the threshold is one potato leafhopper (adult or nymphs) per trifoliate.
While bean leaf beetle populations were not as high as expected based on last year’s damage, Japanese beetles are emerging in large numbers. Japanese beetles, along with corn rootworms, can severely damage corn silks and reduce pollination. Later in the season, late-planted corn (the juiciest in the neighborhood) is at greater risk for this type of damage because it accumulates beetles from surrounding fields. Although Japanese beetle feeding looks ugly on soybeans, the heaviest damage is often confined to field edges. Also, within a plant, damage is heaviest at the top and thus is overestimated. Soybeans can compensate for leaf feeding, thus the thresholds are 15 percent defoliation of blooming of pod-filling plants, then 20-25 percent thereafter. The defoliation can be from any insect; Japanese beetle, loopers, bean leaf beetle etc. Four-footed leafhoppers, aka whitetail deer, are another matter.
Asiatic garden beetles are still emerging in southern
Western bean cutworm moths are emerging in
“Range Expansion of Western Bean Cutworm, Striacosta
albicosta (Noctuidae), into
http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/sub/cm/brief/2008/cutworm/
For those of you participating in the western bean cutworm trapping network, now is the time to check traps at least once per week. If you put traps out in June, change your pheromone lure the week of July 14. If you put traps out in early July, you can wait an extra week to change the lure.
For trappers and others interested in western bean cutworm, I feel your pain in trying to identify limp, colorless moths floating in traps. Generally, pictures in books and extension publications show perfect, brightly-colored moths, but moths sitting in an antifreeze mixture in a trap for a few days obviously lose scales and color. John Obermeyer, an IPM specialist at Purdue, developed a useful handout with pictures of beat-up moths to aid in identification of crummy specimens out of the milk jug traps. I’ve reprinted that bulletin here, with a few modifications.
Christina DiFonzo
Entomology
As wheat harvest approaches in
The best way to manage an insect infestation in a bin is to avoid one in the first place. Spilled grain, contaminated equipment and dirty bins provide food for insects. These insects move into newly-stored grain to start new infestations. Cleaning up old grain is key to keeping new grain clean. Good sanitation pays off in the long run, reducing or eliminating the need for insecticide applications. This is important because USDA food testing programs find that a high percentage of wheat samples have pesticide residue. Sanitation and prevention should be part of your routine prior to storing wheat at your facility or farmstead.
§ Clean grain handling equipment (augers, combines, wagons, scoops, trucks). Kernels and fine material stuck in equipment provide a breeding ground for insects.
§ Clean inside the bin and if possible, beneath the floor. Having removed a few floors, I know it’s an unpleasant task. However, under the floor plates can be several inches of fine grain dust, rodent droppings, insect parts, and fungal spores. If an annual cleaning is impractical, make a schedule and try to clean a bin every few years.
§ Clean around the bin. Clean up grain spills and remove weeds from a ten-foot border around the bin. Spilled grain and tall vegetation provides food and shelter for both insects and rodents.
§ Seal all cracks and crevices, entry points for insects. Cover or screen fans when not in use. Keep doors closed, and make sure they seal when shut.
Sanitation may be enough to avoid an insect infestation in
If your farm has a history of insect problems in grain, or if it is difficult to clean bins and equipment, an insecticide may be useful. Bin treatments are used in and around empty structures after cleaning, but before adding grain. They kill insects still in the area and create a barrier to infestation. Treat bin floors and walls up to six feet, the foundation, and ground directly around the bin, as well as equipment. Concentrate on cracks, crevices, and other hard-to-clean areas that harbor grain dust and insects. The following is a list of products registered as bin treatments. Read the product label carefully before using any of these insecticides, as formulations can vary and labels may change from year to year. Some products are registered only for bins containing certain grains.
§ Tempo (cyfluthrin - a pyrethroid). Registered for all indoor warehouses, bins, grain-handling equipment, trucks, rail cars and areas around bins. Tempo is not registered for direct application to grain itself.
§ Storcide II (chlorpyrifos-methyl + deltamethrin): This product replaced Storcide and Reldan.
§ Malathion - numerous formulations (an older OP). Registered for use in structures that will contain barley, corn, oats, rye and sorghum. Do not use in bins that will contain soybeans. Refer to individual product labels, as some may not be registered for use on stored grain and others are being phased out.
§ Diatomaceous earth. Many products are available, such as Insecto, Protect-It, and PermaGuard. DE is a chemically inert dust that abrades the insect cuticle, or outer skeleton, causing the insect to lose water, dry out and die.
If you follow these recommendations, you will likely not
need to use an insecticide on the grain itself or during storage in
If you anticipate storing the wheat for a long period, you may decide to apply insecticide to the grain itself. There are two different types of insecticide applications on wheat. If the bin and the wheat entering the bin is clean, and it is not layered over old grain, a “top dress” or surface treatment may be all that is needed. A surface or barrier treatment is applied on the last grain going into the bin or directly on the grain surface once the grain is in the bin. A surface treatment must not be disturbed after application, since this ruins the barrier. Surface treatments protect against insects entering from the top of the bin; for example, Indianmeal moth, but will not control insects already present lower down in the grain mass (for example, if you put new grain over infested old grain).
Protectants are insecticides directly applied to the grain
stream as it enters the bin. These treatments are designed to control
infestations throughout the entire bin. In
§ Storcide II (chlorpyrifos methyl + deltamethrin). For use on barley, oats, and wheat.
§ Malathion. Again, many trade names and formulations, registered for different sites and uses. Refer to individual product labels, as some may not be registered for use on stored grain, and others are being phased out. Be aware that grain that has been treated with malathion may not be acceptable to some millers.
§ Diatomaceous earth. Registered for barley, corn, oats, rye, soybean, sorghum, sunflower, wheat. Note that different formulations are registered for different crops, therefore check the labels. Diatomaceous earth is abrasive and may cause equipment wear. Newer formulations of Diatomaceous earth require a lower application rate, and may be easier to use than older formulations.
§ Pyrethrins. Sold under several trade names. Registered as a surface treatment for barley, corn, oats, sorghum, sunflower, and wheat. It is not registered for soybean.
§ Diacon (methoprene). Registered as a surface treatment for barley, corn, oats, sorghum, and wheat, it is not registered for soybean. Methoprene is an insect growth regulator which disrupts insect development. It thus controls larvae, but not adult insects.
§ Dipel, Top-Side, etc. (Bt). Registered as a surface treatment for barley, corn, oats, rye, sorghum, soybeans, sunflowers and wheat. Bt kills Indianmeal moth larvae. Some formulations are acceptable on organic wheat. Bt will not control adult moths, weevils and grain beetles.
Additional insecticide notes: Actellic (pirimiphos-methyl), which can be used as a protectant on corn, is not labeled for wheat. Sales of Reldan, which was available as a bin spray and protectant, ended December 2005. Existing stocks should be gone. Grain treated with Reldan has until 2009-10 to move through channels of trade.
Kurt Thelen
Crop and Soil Sciences
Manganese (Mn) deficiency is the most common crop
micronutrient problem in
Field experiments showed a significant antagonism in common lambsquarters and velvetleaf when glyphosate was tank-mixed with ethylaminoacetate- manganese, and slight antagonisms in tank-mixes with lignin sulfate- manganese and MnSO4-powder. Greenhouse studies have shown that an EDTA- manganese formulation enhanced glyphosate efficacy (by 25 percent in giant foxtail and 40 percent in velvetleaf). However, tank-mixes of each of the other manganese products caused significant antagonisms, reducing weed control by ten to 30 percent when compared to glyphosate alone.
One possible method for avoiding the antagonism is to apply the manganese fertilizer at a different time than glyphosate. In a greenhouse study the ethylaminoacetate- manganese fertilizer was applied six, four, and two days before-, two days after-, and at the same time as glyphosate. There were no differences in herbicide efficacy in giant foxtail for any of the two-pass timings. In velvetleaf, manganese sprayed two days before the glyphosate application reduced weed control by 15 percent. But this was not as severe as the 30 percent reduction when glyphosate and ethylaminoacetate- manganese were tank-mixed.
A second method for avoiding the antagonism is to add an adjuvant to the spray tank that will prevent the antagonism, either by chelating the manganese tightly (with chelates such as EDTA or citric acid) or by preventing the manganese from binding to the glyphosate molecule (by adding ammonium sulfate). In greenhouse experiments, ammonium sulfate and EDTA improved herbicide efficacy in all glyphosate- manganese tank mixes except for EDTA- manganese, where efficacy remained the same. Citric acid antagonized the manganese -EDTA-glyphosate tank-mix, but improved the efficacy of all other manganese formulations. The degree that each adjuvant improved the different manganese -glyphosate tank-mixes varied, and will be the subject of future studies.
In summary, if conditions are optimal for glyphosate control of weeds, i.e. weed pressure is low, and weed size is small, you may get adequate weed control with glyphosate tankmixes with commercially available manganese formulations. However, even under these optimal conditions it is still advisable to add ammonium sulfate (17 lbs per 100 gallons of water) to minimize the antagonism imposed by the manganese. If weed control conditions are marginal, i.e. moderate weed pressure or moderate weed size, a chelated form of manganese such as an EDTA- manganese formulation, plus ammonium sulfate is recommended with glyphosate tankmixes. Finally, if weed control conditions are poor, i.e. heavy weed pressure (especially lambsquarters and velvetleaf) or large weed size, manganese should not be tankmixed with glyphosate. Rather, in these tough weed control conditions, manganese should be applied in a separate application following the glyphosate application.
Diane Brown-Rytlewski
Plant Pathology
Recent bouts of hail
have caused severe damage to some fields, not so much to others. There have
been continuing questions about whether hail-damaged corn can benefit from fungicide
application to either help it recover or protect it from stalk rots and other
diseases that enter through wounds. Fungicides do not control stalk rots,
smuts, or bacterial diseases such as Stewart’s disease. Foliar diseases such as
gray leaf spot, northern corn leaf blight or common rust can be controlled with
foliar fungicides, but hail damage to corn is not likely to cause these
diseases to increase, as they don’t require wounds to infect.
In the last Field CAT Alert, there was an article
about research conducted at the
Other states have
also experienced considerable hail damage to their field crops. There is an
excellent article in the Chat N’ Chew Café by Bob Nielsen of Purdue titled Recovery From Hail Damage to Young Corn that
has an entire gallery of pictures to help growers assess plant survival and
damage and estimate yield loss. The link for the article is: http://www.agry.purdue.edu/ext/corn/news/timeless/HailDamageYoungCorn.html
The Chat N’ Chew
Café also has the Ohio C.O.R.N. newsletter (June 23) with two additional
articles by Peter Thomison and Todd Mangen related to hail damage assessment
and yield loss. http://corn.osu.edu/index.php?setissueID=238
Preharvest wheat disease
update
Diane Brown-Rytlewski
As the wheat season is winding down, I thought I’d share a
few last disease-related findings as we approach harvest. It seems that
Leaf rust occurred late in the season, at levels high enough to likely affect yield in susceptible varieties. Stem rust has been found at very low levels on some wheat in the Tuscola area variety trials plots near Richville (see photo). Purpling of stems and purple blotches on glumes have appeared on the variety Hopewell in many parts of the state and on a few other varieties to a lesser extent, but is very noticeable on Hopewell. The condition, called melanism, can be confused with stagonospora glume blotch. There is some glume blotch around, making it confusing to distinguish between the two. Pycnidia (tiny, pimple-like fruiting bodies containing spores) can often be found embedded in the lesions on the glumes caused by Stagonospora. You may also find superficial black sooty mold on the glumes that can be easily wiped away from the surface. Melanism shows up as superficial purple to brown patches of pigment on the glumes, and does not create lesions. Melanism can be caused by a variety of environmental stresses, such as high humidity, excess rain, or high levels of UV radiation. The stresses cause increased production of a pigment called anthocyanin. It does not affect yield.
Willie Kirk, Ralph Fogg, Corey Guza, Linda Hanson and Steve Poindexter
The Cercospora spraying season has started for those of you that are in the high-risk areas and have either B1643N or ACH 827 varieties. The weather has been suitable for Cercospora development so you need to be ready to spray. The forecast for the next week is also suitable for development of Cercospora leaf spot, so growers in lower risk areas should also be prepared to make a fungicide application. Many fields are too wet to enter, but will need to be sprayed as soon as you can enter them. Remember, if Quadris was applied after the four-leaf stage you need to use Eminent, Proline, Inspire or Enable plus Dithane as your first spray. If Quadris was not applied or was applied before the four-leaf stage you can start with any fungicide labeled for leaf spot.
To reduce the chance of building up resistant Cercospora strains, it is important to not use the same chemistry back to back. We recommend using a different chemistry for each succeeding spray. This year on some varieties and in some areas we will have to use the same chemistry more than once, but keep them separated by as many days as possible.
You will be receiving the new Cercospora pamphlet from
Michigan Sugar Company soon. This was put together by Michigan Sugar Company
and Sugarbeet Advancement. The different chemistries are clearly identified;
Headline, Gem and Quadris are all Strobilurins; Proline, Eminent, Inspire and
Enable are all Triazoles. Tilt is also labeled for use on leaf spot, but we
have no recent supporting data for this product. Do not use Enable alone –add an
EDBC such as Dithane or Copper and crop oil. Super Tin and Agritin are a
separate class and are contact fungicides. Kocide and EBDC’s are in a separate
class and are contact fungicides. Topsin may also be used in combination with
an EBDC or other effective product. If you have access to the Internet, go to www.michiganbeets.com and look at the
DSV map and Cercospora risk management map to see when you need to start your
spraying program. In
B1643N or ACH 827 are listed as very poor for leaf spot resistance and the Hillshog round up varieties are listed as poor. You need to have an aggressive program for these varieties to keep from losing money due to leaf spot damage. With the weather forecast and the high moisture levels in many fields it will be a challenge to keep ahead of Cercospora this year. Call your agriculturist if you have any questions.
The following figures show bacterial leaf spot from ACH 827 in Michigan (2008, Kirk) and a Cercospora leaf spot lesion showing black stromata in the lesion which is bounded by a double ring of dark then lighter pigmentation (Wharton and Kirk, 2006). Note that bacterial leaf spot lesions have a lighter ring and no stromata (black spots) within the lesion and have a lighter boundary ring.
Steven Gower
MSU Diagnostic Services
Several tomato samples have been submitted to the lab over the past ten days with symptoms consistent with glyphosate injury. In most of these cases, the injury resulted from glyphosate spray drift likely from neighboring corn and soybean fields. Occasionally, the injury resulted from glyphosate contamination in the tank used to apply pesticides to the tomatoes.
Specific symptoms of glyphosate injury will vary depending on several factors including exposure dose, tomato growth stage and growing conditions after exposure. Glyphosate is translocated inside the plant to the newest meristematic regions; therefore the newest growth will be most injured.
Tomatoes injured with glyphosate will have distorted new growth with cupped, fringed and small leaflets. Often, the newest leaves will contain a proliferation of buds and small leaflets. Many of the leaflet bases will contain a yellow to white discoloration –a diagnostic clue of glyphosate injury on tomato.
Hail damages central
On Wednesday, July 2, near
Christy Sprague
Crop and Soil Sciences
Want to sharpen your diagnostic skills and stay on top of
the latest information in production agriculture? If so, we have the perfect
opportunity for you. The 6th annual
Participants will have the opportunity to hone their field decision-making and problem-solving skills as they interact with MSU Extension Specialists in small groups while participating in hands-on field activities.
This year’s
There are Pesticide Applicator Credits and six (NM–1.5; PM –3.0; CM –1.5) Certified Crop Advisor continuing education units available for attendees.
There is a $125 registration fee and participants should
register by Monday, July 14. Please reserve your spot by registering online at www.msuweeds.com or by calling or emailing
Sandie Litchfield at 517-355-0271, ext. 1104, e-mail litchfi9@msu.edu. A brochure with the
registration is available here.
Ned Birkey
Weather has continued to be unsettled with about five inches of rain coming within the past week. Some storms had strong winds. Now that we have won the Stanley Cup, the weather and everything else can settle down.
Alfalfa has been a struggle to get the final first and some of the second cutting put up.
Barley harvest will start once the fields dry out.
Corn leaves are
very nice and green, though some fields have some severe lodging from storms
with strong winds and heavy rains this week. Farmers are cautiously optimistic
about potential yields. Hail is a concern because of all the stormy weather
that has occurred so far with two hail storms already. European corn borer and
corn earworm numbers are very low. No western bean cutworms have been found yet
in a
Soybeans are on
the ropes because of all the rain. Many fields have water standing and most
fields have lots of yellow leaves. It is easy to find Phytophthora root rot. I have the feeling that all the soybean
diseases will be present this year, some at yield robbing levels, except for
rust. We have even had downy mildew on soybeans. Some fields have good
nodulation, while others do not. Most fields are at the R1 flowering stage,
though most fields are very short. Japanese beetles are out in high numbers
already, though I cannot find any aphids. John Boyse was pumping water off of
the MSU Soybean plot in eastern
Oats look very good and are starting to turn color.
Wheat harvest
started in spurts this past Sunday (July 6) and Monday (July 7), but rains came
Monday evening, with storms on Tuesday, and everyone is shut down until the
wheat and soils dry out. Harvest may start later this week, though some fields
will probably get mudded out. Some farmers are very anxious to remove the wheat
so they can double crop soybeans. One farmer from Temperance,
There have been more spray drift complaints this summer. Winds
and boom height have been two problems. Fair season has started and we will
have a clean sweep pesticide collection in
Bruce MacKellar
The last two weeks have seen several bouts of severe
thunderstorms, which have greatly helped reduce the dry conditions that were beginning
to appear at the end of June in some locations in the southwest region.
However, this has come at the price of flooding, wind and hail damage in larger
than normal localized areas. The heaviest rainfall totals over the last two
weeks range from five to seven plus inches, with large portions of the region
receiving between three to four inches of precipitation during a thunderstorm
on Wednesday, July 2. With these rainfall totals, the portions of the regions
that suffer drowned out areas in fields continue to grow. High winds lodged
some wheat and corn in the
The table below was included in this report to show the variable nature of the rainfall over the region, which has been highly dependant upon the tracks of the heaviest thunderstorm cells.
|
Allegan |
1040 |
|
|
1005 |
|
|
1079 |
|
Coldwater |
1034 |
|
|
998 |
|
Three Rivers |
1075 |
Our average heat accumulation is around 23 base 50 GDD’s per
day at this point in the season. There is a fair amount of variability in heat
accumulation levels across the region depending upon any given location’s
proximity to
Commercial corn
continues to look good. The earliest planted fields are approaching Vt (tassel
emergence), with lots of fields about 1.0 to 1.5 weeks behind that mark. The
plants have grown very well with abundant sunshine, ample thunderstorm rainfall
and cooler evening temperatures. Stands look much better this year compared to
last in terms of Asiatic garden beetle white grub feeding, but there are still
some areas of stand loss and un-evenness in a few rotated fields. I have not
seen western corn rootworm beetles yet, but Japanese beetles and Asiatic garden
beetles have been emerging for about two weeks now. Sporadic hail clipped corn
fields across the region during various stages of growth over the last two
weeks. With the exception of the
As we have moved beyond the nitrogen sidedress window on commercial corn fields, there may be some concerns about adequate remaining nitrogen following potential losses by leaching and de-nitrification on fields where nitrogen was applied early in the season.
The story in the seed corn industry continues to spread out crop maturity based on planting date. The early planted fields are approaching de-tasseling either over the weekend or early next week. We also have some fields that are just getting big enough for sidedress nitrogen applications to go on. Fungicide applications for the control of leaf rust and other leaf diseases have begun. As we approach silking, producers should monitor the activity of silk clipping insects like Japanese beetles and western corn rootworm beetles, which are likely to emerge soon.
The early planted soybeans are at R1 to early R2, and they have been growing very well in sandy soils. As you move to areas where heavier soils pre-dominate or where flooding has happened quite regularly this spring, the stands become much more uneven in growth and appearance. Some high organic matter soils have exhibited manganese deficiency symptoms. Most post emergence herbicide applications have been made, and the weed control appears to be working well in most situations. You can see pokeweed in many fields, along with volunteer corn, but most other weeds have been controlled. Japanese beetles have begun to feed in soybeans, so leaf de-foliation will be on the increase. Soybean aphid numbers remain non-existent or very low in fields I have checked. Soybean leaf diseases are also very low at this time. There are some signs of septoria (brown spot) on the lower leaf tissues, particularly more evident where conditions were drier early last week. We may be more at risk for white mold in soybeans this year with the wet conditions that have been seen at early flowering. We can begin to see evidence of soybean cyst nematodes in areas where their populations have been historically very high, but the resistant varieties have allowed most of the areas of these fields to be quite productive.
Those alfalfa producers that were able to harvest their first cutting early have been seeing the best opportunities to harvest high quality hay this season. Despite the short windows of opportunity, producers were able to get a good chunk of the second cutting harvested, and the quality was very good from what I have seen. Many producers were probably moving hay out of the fields when storms began on July 2. Potato leafhopper numbers are greatly on the increase in the southwest, so be prepared to treat re-growth alfalfa to protect the small plants. Fields in Van Buren and Cass counties, where cutting was about to begin, were showing signs of hopper burn late last week.
The wheat crop is rapidly approaching harvest. Lodging from the heavy storms varies greatly upon location, and the severity of the winds, rain and hail in those areas.
There will be some reduction in overall yields due to head
scab, but yield levels still look pretty good in the southwest region. Producers
in
Oats are beginning to turn. Yield potential continues to look good.
Fred Springborn and Roger Peacock
Rains have been moderate over the past two weeks with most
areas receiving a total of two to four inches with no significant hail injury.
High temperatures have been in the upper 70s to low 80s.
Crop report
Alfalfa harvest of the first cutting is wrapped up and harvest of the second cutting is starting on early cut fields. Potato leafhoppers are present in many fields at relatively low levels.
Wheat harvest will begin in the next week to 10 days.
Oats are starting to turn.
Corn is growing rapidly with ample moisture in most locations. Some of the early fields are close to tassel emergence.
Soybeans are beginning to bloom. Very low levels of soybean aphid have been observed so natural predators seem to be keeping the pest well under control. Weed control has been a concern in several fields as the canopy has been slow to close this year.
Dry bean planting is complete except for some double crop beans. Rapid emergence and growth has gotten this crop off to a good start.
Paul Gross
The region has received anywhere from one half-inch to over three inches of rain over the past two weeks. Soil moisture is adequate at this time. Several areas could use additional moisture as the crop demand for water increases this time of year. The region has generally escaped the severe weather that has caused crop damage in other parts of the state.
The corn crop looks very good with most farmers optimistic about yield potential. There are no reported insect or disease problems at this time. Weed control has been pretty good. The early planted corn will begin to tassel next week.
Soybeans are progressing with no major problems. Stands are average. We are seeing some manganese deficiencies in higher pH soils. There are still some herbicide applications being made. Weeds have been a problem in some areas. Fields should be scouted for aphids and Japanese beetles.
Wheat harvest should begin early next week. There have been some scattered symptoms of scab in several fields. We will not know yield or quality until harvest really gets underway. At this point, yield potential appears good.
Alfalfa harvest
of the second cutting is well underway for some, while others are just
finishing up first cutting. Most are reporting very good yields and quality.
Based on reports from southern
Oats and barley are turning and yield potential looks good at this time.
Dry beans are all planted and have emerged very nicely. Be sure to scout fields for leafhoppers.
Aaron Pollyea
Geography
Clouds start filling the skies of
Temperatures Thursday should range from the upper 60s in the north to the lower 80s in the south. Friday and Saturday are both similar temperature wise with highs in the upper 70s to upper 80s. The passage of the trough will cool things down though, with highs on Sunday ranging from the mid-60s to near 80°F. Monday sees things warming up again across the state as the sun comes out with highs in the upper 60s to low 80s. This temperature range seems to hold steady until the middle of next week.
The National Weather Service 6‑10 day outlook covering July 15 through July 19 calls for
normal temperatures and precipitation across the state, eastern parts of the